| TEMPERATURE
EQUIVALENTS FOR STANDARD PYROMETRIC CONES (°F)
(As Determined at the National Bureau of Standards
) |
|
LARGE CONES
| small
| |
| CONE NUMBER
| Heating Rate in °F/Hr
| Color
| Firing Stage
| Customary Firing Application
|
|
108°F/Hr |
270°F/Hr |
540°F/Hr |
| |
|
| | 302
| | "black
| free water "boils" out
|
| | 437
| | heat"
| alpha to beta cristobalite inversion
|
| | 1022
| | | alpha to beta quartz inversion
|
| | 1067
| | |
| |
| 022
| 1085
| 1112
| 1165
| | dehydration
| |
| 021
| 1116
| 1137
| 1189
| | 90% complete
| |
| 020
| 1157
| 1175
| 1231
| | |
|
| 019
| 1234
| 1261
| 1333
| dull
| | overglaze colors
|
| 018
| 1285
| 1323
| 1386
| red
| | enamels and gold
|
| 017
| 1341
| 1377
| 1443
| | | ceramic decals
|
| 016
| 1407
| 1458
| 1517
| | |
|
| 015
| 1454
| 1479
| 1549
| | | glass sagging
|
| 014
| 1533
| 1540
| 1596
| | | chrome & red glaze
|
| 013
| 1596
| 1566
| 1615
| | |
|
| 012
| 1591
| 1623
| 1650
| cherry
| | |
| 011
| 1627
| 1641
| 1680
| red
| most of
| lustre glaze
|
| 010
| 1629
| 1641
| 1686
| | organic matter
| |
| 09
| 1679
| 1693
| 1751
| | now burnt
| |
| 08
| 1733
| 1751
| 1801
| cherry
| away
| low firing lead &
|
| 07
| 1783
| 1803
| 1846
| red to
| | fritted glazes
|
| 06
| 1816
| 1830
| 1873
| orange
| teracottas
| porous biscuit-low
|
| 05
| 1888
| 1915
| 1944
| | mature
| fire earthenware
|
| 04
| 1922
| 1940
| 2008
| orange
| | |
| 03
| 1987
| 2014
| 2068
| changing
| | |
| 02
| 2014
| 2048
| 2098
| to
| | |
| 01
| 2043
| 2079
| 2152
| yellow/
| earthenware
| industrial earthen
|
| 1
| 2077
| 2109
| 2154
| orange
| matures
| ware, bisque and
|
| 2
| 2088
| 2124
| 2154
| | | bone china glost
|
| 3
| 2106
| 2134
| 2185
| yellow/
| | |
| 4
| 2134
| 2167
| 2208
| orange
| teracottas
| |
| 5
| 2151
| 2185
| 2230
| yellow to
| melt, increasing
| |
| 6
| 2194
| 2232
| 2291
| lt. yellow
| formation
| semi-porcelain
|
| 7
| 2219
| 2264
| 2307
| | of beta type
| salt glaze
|
| 8
| 2257
| 2305
| 2372
| yellow
| cristobalite
| stoneware
|
| 9
| 2300
| 2336
| 2403
| with white
| | bone china bisque
|
| 10
| 2345
| 2381
| 2426
| tinge
| | & some porcelain
|
| 11
| 2361
| 2399
| 2437
| intense
| | porcelain
|
| 12
| 2383
| 2419
| 2471
| yellow-
| | |
| 13
| | 2455
| | white
| | |
| 14
| | 2491
| | |
| |
| 15
| | 2608
| | |
| |
| © 1994/1998
FireRight Controls/Warner Instruments
|
