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TEMPERATURE EQUIVALENTS FOR STANDARD PYROMETRIC CONES (°F)
(As Determined at the National Bureau of Standards)
CONE NUMBER
LARGE CONES
small
Color
Firing Stage
Customary Firing Application
Heating Rate in °F/Hr
108°F/Hr
270°F/Hr
540°F/Hr
302
 
"black
free water "boils" out
437
 
heat"
alpha to beta cristobalite inversion
1022
 
alpha to beta quartz inversion
1067
   
022
1085
1112
1165
dehydration
 
021
1116
1137
1189
90% complete
 
020
1157
1175
1231
 
019
1234
1261
1333
dull
overglaze colors
018
1285
1323
1386
red
 
enamels and gold
017
1341
1377
1443
   
ceramic decals
016
1407
1458
1517
     
015
1454
1479
1549
   
glass sagging
014
1533
1540
1596
   
chrome & red glaze
013
1596
1566
1615
     
012
1591
1623
1650
cherry
   
011
1627
1641
1680
red
most of
lustre glaze
010
1629
1641
1686
 
organic matter
 
09
1679
1693
1751
 
now burnt
 
08
1733
1751
1801
cherry
away
low firing lead &
07
1783
1803
1846
red to
 
fritted glazes
06
1816
1830
1873
orange
teracottas
porous biscuit-low
05
1888
1915
1944
 
mature
fire earthenware
04
1922
1940
2008
orange
   
03
1987
2014
2068
changing
   
02
2014
2048
2098
to
   
01
2043
2079
2152
yellow/
earthenware
industrial earthen
1
2077
2109
2154
orange
matures
ware, bisque and
2
2088
2124
2154
   
bone china glost
3
2106
2134
2185
yellow/
   
4
2134
2167
2208
orange
teracottas
 
5
2151
2185
2230
yellow to
melt, increasing
 
6
2194
2232
2291
lt. yellow
formation
semi-porcelain
7
2219
2264
2307
 
of beta type
salt glaze
8
2257
2305
2372
yellow
cristobalite
stoneware
9
2300
2336
2403
with white
 
bone china bisque
10
2345
2381
2426
tinge
 
& some porcelain
11
2361
2399
2437
intense
 
porcelain
12
2383
2419
2471
yellow-
   
13
 
2455
 
white
   
14
 
2491
       
15
 
2608
       
© 1994/1998 FireRight Controls/Warner Instruments
 
TEMPERATURE EQUIVALENTS FOR STANDARD PYROMETRIC CONES (°C)
(As Determined at the National Bureau of Standards)
CONE NUMBER
LARGE CONES
small
Color
Firing Stage
Customary Firing Application
Heating Rate in °C/Hr
60°C/Hr
150°C/Hr
300°C/Hr
   
150
 
"black
free water "boils" out
   
225
 
heat"
alpha to beta cristobalite inversion
   
550
   
alpha to beta quartz inversion
   
575
       
022
585
600
630
 
dehydration
 
021
602
614
643
 
90% complete
 
020
625
635
666
     
019
668
683
723
dull
 
overglaze colors
018
696
717
752
red
 
enamels and gold
017
727
747
784
   
ceramic decals
016
764
792
825
     
015
790
804
843
   
glass sagging
014
834
838
870
   
chrome & red glaze
013
869
852
880
     
012
866
884
900
cherry
   
011
886
894
915
red
most of
lustre glaze
010
887
894
919
 
organic matter
 
09
915
923
955
 
now burnt
 
08
945
955
983
cherry
away
low firing lead &
07
973
984
1008
red to
 
fritted glazes
06
991
999
1023
orange
teracottas
porous biscuit-low
05
1031
1046
1062
 
mature
fire earthenware
04
1050
1060
1098
orange
   
03
1086
1101
1131
changing
   
02
1101
1120
1148
to
   
01
1117
1137
1178
yellow/
earthenware
industrial earthen
1
1136
1154
1179
orange
matures
ware, bisque and
2
1142
1162
1179
   
bone china glost
3
1152
1168
1196
yellow/
   
4
1168
1186
1209
orange
teracottas
 
5
1177
1196
1221
yellow to
melt, increasing
 
6
1201
1222
1255
lt yellow
formation
semi-porcelain
7
1215
1240
1264
 
of beta type
salt glaze
8
1236
1263
1300
yellow
cristobalite
stoneware
9
1260
1280
1317
with white
 
bone china bisque
10
1285
1305
1330
tinge
 
& some porcelain
11
1294
1315
1336
intense
 
porcelain
12
1306
1326
1355
yellow-
   
13
 
1346
 
white
   
14
 
1366
       
15
 
1431
       
© 1994/1998 FireRight Controls/Warner Instruments

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Page Last Revised on March 29, 1998
©Copyright Warner Instruments 1996 ~ 1998